Ka 2017, Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo o ile oa etsa tlhahiso ea leano la ho"ho lemoha kapele, tlhahlobo ea pele le kalafo ea pele", e reretsoeng ho hopotsa sechaba ho ela hloko matšoao esale pele.Kamora lilemo tsa chelete ea 'nete ea bongaka,maqheka ana a mararo e fetohile tsela e atlehang ka ho fetisisa ho thibela kankere.
Ho latela "Global Cancer Report 2020" e phatlalalitsoeng ke WHO, ho hakanngoa hore palo ea mafu a macha lefatšeng ka bophara e tla nyolohela ho limilione tse 30.2 ka 2040 mme palo ea batho ba shoang e tla fihla ho limilione tse 16.3.
Ka 2020, ho tla ba le li-cancer tse ncha tse limilione tse 19 lefatšeng.Ka nako eo, mefuta e meraro e meholo ea mofetše e nang le palo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea mofets'e lefatšeng ke: mofetše oa matsoele (limilione tse 22.61), mofets'e oa matšoafo (limilione tse 2.206), colon (limilione tse 19.31), le mofets'e oa gastric o maemong a bohlano ka limilione tse 10.89.palong ea mafu a macha, mofetše oa mala le mofets'e oa ka mpeng e leng karolo ea 15.8% ea mefuta eohle e mecha.
Joalo ka ha bohle re tseba, pampitšana ea Manhua e bua ka ho tloha molomong ho ea monyako oa mookoli, o kenyelletsang 'metso, mpa, mala a manyane, mala a maholo (cecum, appendix, colon, rectum le anal canal), sebete, manyeme, joalo-joalo. le colorectum mefetšeng e mecha lefatšeng ka bophara Kankere le mofets'e oa mala ka bobeli ke karolo ea tšilo ea lijo, ka hona, mafu a amanang le tšilo ea lijo le ona a hloka ho eloa hloko 'me leano la "tse tharo esale pele" le tlameha ho kengoa tšebetsong.
Ka 2020, palo ea linyeoe tse ncha tsa mofetše naheng ea heso le eona e fihlile ho limilione tse 4.5, mme palo ea batho ba bolailoeng ke mofetše e ne e le limilione tse 3.Ka karolelano batho ba 15,000 ba ile ba fumanoa ba e-na le mofetše letsatsi le leng le le leng, 'me batho ba 10.4 ba ile ba fumanoa ba e-na le mofetše motsotso o mong le o mong.Ea bohlano ke kankere ea matšoafo(e ikarabellang bakeng sa 17.9% ea mefetše eohle e mecha),kankere ea mala (12.2%), kankere ea mala (10.5%),kankere ea matsoele (9.1%), le kankere ea sebete (9%).Har'a tse hlano tse ka sehloohong tsa kankere feela,Kankere ea ka mpeng e bakile karolo ea 31.7% ea mefuta eohle e mecha.Ho ka bonoa hore re lokela ho ela hloko haholoanyane ho lemoha le ho thibela mofetše oa tšilo ea lijo.
E latelang ke khatiso ea 2020 (liphuputso tse khethehileng le khothaletso ea thibelo ea hlahala ea batho ea Chang Beihui) e kenyelletsang leano la thibelo ea mahlaba le tlhahlobo ea tšilo ea lijo:
Kankere ea colorectal
Lintho tse kotsi haholo
Batho ba 1.Asymptomatic ho feta lilemo tse 1.45;
2.Batho ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 240 ba nang le matšoao a anorectal ka libeke tse peli":
3.Bakuli ba nang le lefu la ulcerative ka nako e telele;
batho ba 4.4 ka mor'a ho buuoa ka kankere ea mala;
5. Baahi ka mor'a phekolo ea colorectal adenoma;
6. Beng ka uena ba haufi ba nang le histori ea lelapa ea kankere ea mala
7. Beng ka bona ba haufi ba bakuli ba fumanoeng ba e-na le mofetše oa mala ba lilemo tse fetang 20.
Litlhahiso tsa ho hlahloba
1. Tlhahlobo ea "Baahi ba Kakaretso" e Kopana le 1-5:
(1) Tlhahlobo ea mofets'e oa colorectal e qala ha a le lilemo li 45, ho sa tsotelehe hore na mali a monna kapa mosali ke a fecal occult (FOBT) a fumanoa hang ka selemo.
Colonoscopy lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 10 ho fihlela lilemo tse 75;
(2) Ba lilemo li 76-85, ba phelang hantle, le ba nang le tebello ea bophelo ea lilemo tse fetang 10, ba ka tsoela pele ho boloka mokhabiso.
2 Tumellanong le "Phuputso ea bongaka ea litho tse haufi tsa lelapa tse nang le nalane ea mofetše oa colorectal:
(1) 1 ea tekanyo ea pele e amanang le adenoma e phahameng ea boemo bo phahameng kapa bohloko (lilemo tsa ho qala li ka tlase ho lilemo tse 60), 2
Beng ka bona ba boemo ba pele le ho ea holimo ba nang le adenoma ea boemo bo holimo kapa mofets'e (lilemo life kapa life tsa ho qala), ho qala ka lilemo tse 40 (kapa ho qala ka lilemo tse 10 ho feta lilemo tsa ho qala ha setho se senyane sa lelapa), tlhahlobo ea FOBT hang ka mor'a hore motho a qale ka ho fetesisa. selemo, hang ka mor'a lilemo tse 5 Colonoscopy;
(2) Batho ba kotsing e kholo ba nang le nalane ea lelapa ea beng ka bona ba boemo ba pele (1 feela, mme lilemo tsa ho qala li phahame ho feta lilemo tse 60):
Qala ho hlahloba ha u le lilemo li 40, ka tlhahlobo ea FOBT selemo le selemo le colonoscopy lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse leshome.3 Ho hlahlojoa ha litho tsa lelapa tsa seboka sa "hereditary colorectal cancer" 7;
Bakeng sa litho tsa malapa tsa bakuli ba nang le FAP le HNPCC, tlhahlobo ea phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e khothaletsoa ha phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso molemong oa pele lelapeng e hlakile.
(1) Bakeng sa ba nang le tlhahlobo e ntle ea phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, ka mor'a lilemo tse 20, colonoscopy e lokela ho etsoa lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 1-2;(2) Bakeng sa ba nang le tlhahlobo e mpe ea phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, palo ea batho ka kakaretso e lokela ho hlahlojoa.4 Mekhoa e khothalletsoang ea ho hlahloba:
(1) Teko ea FOBT + lipatlisiso tsa li-volume ke mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa lipatlisiso tsa Han, 'me bopaki bo lekane:
(2) Ho lemoha mali a nang le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ngata ho ka thusa ho ntlafatsa ho nepahala ha palo, ’me theko e batla e le theko e boima;(3) Haeba maemo a lumela, ho hlahlojoa ho ka etsoa ka ho kopanya mantle le mekhoa ea mali.
Keletso ea Thibelo:
1. Ho ikoetlisa ho ka fokotsa ka katleho ho hlaha ha lihlahala, ho khomarela boetapele ba lipapali, le ho sesa ho qoba botenya;
2. Lijo tse phetseng hantle tsa boko, eketsa ho ja fiber e tala le litholoana tse foreshe, le ho qoba lijo tse mafura le tse nang le protheine e ngata;
3 Lithethefatsi tse seng khahlanong le ho ruruha le tsa mofetše li ka sebetsa ho thibela mofetše oa mala.Batho ba hōlileng ba ka 'na ba leka aspirin ea tekanyo e tlaase, e ka fokotsang kotsi ea mafu a pelo le methapo ea pelo le kankere ea mala.Ikopanye le ngaka bakeng sa tšebeliso e khethehileng.
5. Fokotsa ho tsuba ho qoba chefo ea nako e telele le ts'usumetso ea ho ruruha ho Qinghua Dao.
Kankere ea Mpa
Lintho tse kotsi haholo
Mang kapa mang ea nang le e 'ngoe ea maemo a latelang ke ntho e kotsi haholo;
1. Ho feta lilemo tse 60;
2 Atrophic gastritis e itekanetseng le e matla;
3. Seso se sa foleng sa ka mpeng;
4. Li-polyps tsa mpa;
5. Lesapo le leholo la lemeno la gastric mucosa;
6. Postoperative masala mpa bakeng sa mafu a benign;
7. Mala a setseng ka mor'a ho buuoa ka kankere ea mala (likhoeli tse 6-12 ka mor'a ho buuoa);
8. Tšoaetso ea Helicobacter pylori;
9. Histori e hlakileng ea lelapa ea kankere ea mala kapa ea 'metso;
10. Phokolo ea mali e kotsi:
11. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) histori ea lelapa.
Litlhahiso tsa ho hlahloba
Lilemo tse fetang lilemo tse 40 ka mahlaba ka mpeng, ho ruruha ka mpeng, ho ruruha ha acid, ho otloa ke pelo le matšoao a mang a bohloko ba epigastric, gastritis e sa foleng, gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia, polyps ea ka mpeng, masala a mala, lets'oao le leholo la lesapo la mokokotlo, seso se sa foleng sa ka mpeng. Hyperplasia le liso tse ling le lintho tse nang le histori ea lelapa ea lihlahala li lokela ho feta gastroscopy kamehla ho ea ka litlhahiso tsa ngaka.
Keletso ea thibelo
1. Theha mekhoa e metle ea ho ja le mokhoa oa ho ja, eseng ho ja ho feta tekano;
2. Ho felisoa ha tšoaetso ea Helicobacter pylori;
3. Fokotsa ho ja lijo tse batang, tse linoko, tse futhumalitsoeng ho feta tekano le tse thata, hammoho le lijo tse nang le letsoai le lengata tse kang tse tsubang le tse tšetsoeng ka har'a mosi.
4. Khaotsa ho tsuba;
5. E-noa joala bo thata kapa u se ke ua bo noa;
6. Phomola 'me u fokotsehe ka mokhoa o utloahalang
Kankere ea 'metso
Lintho tse kotsi haholo
Lilemo> lilemo tse 40 mme o kopana le efe kapa efe ea mabaka a kotsi a latelang:
1. Ho tsoa sebakeng se nang le ts'oaetso e phahameng ea mofets'e naheng ea heso (sebaka se teteaneng ka ho fetesisa sa mofetše oa 'metso naheng ea heso se liprofinseng tsa Hebei, Henan le Shanxi ka boroa ho Thaba ea Taihang, haholo Seterekeng sa Cixian, Qinling, Dabie Mountain, leboea Sichuan, Fujian, Guangdong, leboea Jiangsu, Xinjiang, joalo-joalo mobu le lipara tsa manyolo li tsepamisitsoe libakeng tse nang le liketsahalo tse phahameng);
2. Matšoao a ka holimo a mala, a kang ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho hlatsa, bohloko ba mpeng, ho khutlela ha acid, ho ja lijo tse sa thabiseng le matšoao a mang;
3. Histori ea lelapa ea bohloko ba 'metso:
4. Ho tšoenngoa ke lefu la 'metso le ka pele ho kankere kapa maqeba a precancerous:
5. Ho ba le mabaka a mangata a kotsi bakeng sa kankere ea 'metso e kang ho tsuba, ho noa haholo, ho nona haholo, ho rata lijo tse chesang, squamous cell carcinoma ea hlooho le molala kapa pampiri ea ho hema;
6. Ho hlokofatsoa ke lefu la perisophageal reflux (CERD);
7. Tšoaetso ea papillomavirus ea motho (HPV).
Litlhahiso tsa ho hlahloba
Batho ba kotsing e kholo ea mofets'e oa esophageal:
1. E tloaelehileng endoscopy, hang ka mor'a lilemo tse peli;
2 Endoscopy e nang le liphuputso tsa pathological tsa dysplasia e bonolo, endoscopy hang ka selemo;
3 Endoscopy e nang le liphuputso tsa pathological tsa dysplasia e itekanetseng, endoscopy likhoeli tse ling le tse ling tse tšeletseng
Keletso ea thibelo
1. U se ke ua tsuba kapa ua khaotsa ho tsuba;
2. Tekanyo e nyenyane ea tai kapa ho se be le joala;
3. Ja lijo tse lekaneng, ja litholoana le meroho e mecha haholoanyane
4. Ntlafatsa boikoetliso le ho boloka boima ba 'mele bo botle;
5. U se ke ua ja lijo tse chesang kapa ua noa metsi a chesang.
kankere ea sebete
Lintho tse kotsi haholo
Banna ba ka holimo ho lilemo tse 35 le basali ba ka holimo ho lilemo tse 45 ho e 'ngoe ea lihlopha tse latelang:
1. Tšoaetso e sa foleng ea kokoana-hloko ea hepatitis B (HBV) kapa tšoaetso e sa foleng ea kokoana-hloko ea hepatitis C (HCV);
2. Ba nang le nalane ea lelapa la mofetše oa sebete;
3. Bakuli ba nang le sebete sa sebete se bakoang ke schistosomiasis, joala, biliary cirrhosis e ka sehloohong, joalo-joalo;
4. Bakuli ba nang le tšenyo ea sebete e bakoang ke lithethefatsi;
5. Bakuli ba nang le lefutso la mafu a metabolic, ho kenyelletsa: khaello ea hemochromatosis a-1 antitrypsin, lefu la polokelo ea glycogen, porphyria e liehang ea cutaneous, tyrosinemia, joalo-joalo;
6. Bakuli ba nang le lefu la sebete la autoimmune;
7. Bakuli ba sebete sa mafura a se nang joala (NAFLD).
Litlhahiso tsa ho hlahloba
1. Banna ba ka holimo ho lilemo tse 35 le basali ba ka holimo ho lilemo tse 45 ba kotsing e kholo ea kankere ea sebete ba lokela ho fuputsoa;
2. Tšebeliso e kopantsoeng ea serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) le sebete sa B-ultrasound, ho hlahlojoa likhoeli tse ling le tse ling tse 6.
Keletso ea thibelo
1. Ente ea lefu la sebete la B;
2. Bakuli ba nang le lefu la sebete le sa foleng ba lokela ho fumana phekolo ea kokoana-hloko kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang ho laola ho ikatisa ha kokoana-hloko ea lefu la sebete.
3. Qoba kapa ho fokotsa ho noa joala;
4. Ja lijo tse bobebe le ho fokotsa ho ja lijo tse mafura
5. Qoba ho ja lijo tse nang le hlobo.
Kankere ea manyeme
Lintho tse kotsi haholo
Batho ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 40, haholo ba fetang lilemo tse 50, ba nang le e 'ngoe ea lintlha tse latelang (ntho ea botšelela ha e eketse kotsi ea mofets'e oa pancreatic, empa tlhahlobo hangata ha e etsoe):
1. Histori ea lelapa ea kankere ea pancreatic le lefu la tsoekere;
2. Ho na le pale ea nako e telele ea ho tsuba, ho noa, ho ja lijo tse mafura le tse nang le protheine e ngata;
3. Bohareng le ka holimo ho tlala ka mpeng, ho se thabise, mahlaba ka mpeng ntle le lebaka le totobetseng, le matšoao a kang ho lahleheloa ke takatso ea lijo, mokhathala, letšollo, ho lahleheloa ke boima ba 'mele, bohloko bo tlaase ba morao, joalo-joalo;
4. Likarolo tse pheta-phetoang tsa pancreatitis e sa foleng, haholo-holo pancreatitis e sa foleng e nang le pancreatic duct stones, main pancreatic duct-type mucinous papilloma, mucinous cystic adenoma, le hlahala e tiileng ea pseudopapillary, e nang le serum e phahameng CA19-9;
5. Haufinyane tjena lefu la tsoekere le hlaha ka tšohanyetso ntle le nalane ea lelapa;
6. Helicobacter pylori (HP) positive, histori ea oral periodontitis, PJ syndrome, joalo-joalo.
Litlhahiso tsa ho hlahloba
1. Lihlooho tse boletsoeng ka holimo li hlahlojoa ka liphello tsa liteko tsa mali tsa matšoao a hlahala a kang CA19-9, CA125 CEA, joalo-joalo, ho kopantsoe le CT ea mpa le MRI, le B-ultrasound e ka boela ea fana ka thuso e tšoanang;
2. Tlhahlobo ea CT kapa MR hang ka selemo bakeng sa baahi ba boletsoeng ka holimo, haholo-holo ba nang le histori ea malapa le liso tse teng tsa pancreatic.
Keletso ea thibelo
1. Khaotsa ho tsuba le ho laola joala;
2. Khothaletsa lijo tse bobebe, tse jehang habonolo, tse se nang mafura a mangata;
3. Ja likhoho tse ngata, litlhapi le li-shrimp, 'me u khothalletse ho sebelisoa ha "+" meroho ea lipalesa, e kang k'habeche e tala, k'habeche, radish, broccoli, joalo-joalo;
4. Khothaletsa mesebetsi ea ka ntle ea aerobic
5. E le ho thibela ho senyeha ha lisosa tse nang le bothata, ba nang le majoe a pancreatic duct, intraductal mucinous papilloma le cystic adenoma kapa tse ling tse kotsi tsa pancreatic ba lokela ho batla ngaka ka nako.
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Nako ea poso: Sep-09-2022